Grid-Scale ESS

Grid-scale ESS (10MWh–GWh capacity) requires components that handle high power, withstand harsh outdoor conditions, and support grid stability functions (e.g., frequency regulation, peak shaving).  Key components include:

Power Conversion System (PCS) Components:

Wide-Bandgap (WBG) Power Semiconductors: Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs (e.g., Wolfspeed C3M0065090J, 900V, 65mΩ) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) HEMTs (e.g., Navitas NV6117, 650V, 15mΩ) enable PCS efficiency >97% at full load, reducing switching losses by 60% compared to silicon IGBTs.  These devices support high-frequency operation (20kHz–50kHz), minimizing the size of inductors and capacitors.

IGBT Modules (for legacy systems): Infineon FF450R17ME4 (1700V, 450A) with integrated freewheeling diodes, optimized for 1MW–5MW PCS units and compatible with grid-tied inverter topologies (2-level, 3-level NPC).

Grid-Tie Controllers: TI TMS320F28379D (200MHz DSP) with integrated PWM generators, enabling precise current control (THD <3%) and compliance with IEEE 1547 (grid interconnection standards).

Battery Management System (BMS) Components:

Battery Cell Monitors: ADI LTC6813 (16-cell Li-ion monitor, ±0.4mV accuracy) and Maxim MAX17841 (24-cell monitor with passive balancing) provide real-time voltage, temperature, and current data, critical for preventing overcharging/overdischarging.

Isolated Communication ICs: TI ISO7740 (5kVrms isolation) and Silicon Labs Si8640 (4kVrms isolation) enable safe data transmission between high-voltage battery packs and low-voltage BMS controllers, complying with IEC 61800-5-1.

Auxiliary Components:

High-Voltage DC (HVDC) Capacitors: TDK B43504 (2.7kV, 100μF) with low ESR (<100mΩ) for DC-link filtering, ensuring stable voltage across PCS stages.

Surge Protectors: Littelfuse SP3520CA (10kV/20kA) for lightning and voltage transient protection, meeting IEC 61000-4-5.

Temperature Sensors: ADI AD7418 (10kHz sampling rate, ±0.5°C accuracy) for monitoring battery pack and PCS temperatures, triggering cooling systems at 45°C.